A flexible approach proposed by Cuban design historian Lucila Fernandez Uriarte as a means of decolonization in industrial design. The term, peripheral model, directly stems from the concept of the core-periphery model within industrialization theory that acknowledges the imbalance of development between western (core) and non-western (peripheral) nations. Fernandez Uriarte applies this world view to modern design in hopes to take its critique on industrialism a step further. Thus, she maintains that developmentalism is not merely a one-size-fits-all across the globe. Furthermore, development within each nation should be dependent on the specific historical exchange of culture.  This specific application was written in Uriarte’s essay “Postmodernity and Modernity in Cuba” in 2005 and has since been referenced in decoloniality studies relevant to design.